St Clement I Little is known of this apostolic father beyond a few facts. He was a disciple of S. Peter, and perhaps of S. Paul. It is thought that the Clement whom S.
Paul praises as a faithful fellow- worker, whose name is
written in the Book of Life [Philippians 4:3], was Clement,
afterwards bishop of Rome. But there is great difficulty in
admitting this supposition. It is certain that Clement, the
idol of the Petrine party in the Primitive Church, about
whom their myths and traditions circled lovingly, was quite
removed in feeling from the Pauline party.
According to Tertullian, Clement succeeded S. Peter immediately in the episcopal government of the Church
at Rome. But in the list of bishops given us by Irenaeus and
Eusebius he occupies the third place after the apostle, that
is, after Linus and Cletus. It is, however, probable that the
Church at Rome had at first two successions, one Petrine,
the other Pauline, but that they speedily merged into one;
and this will account for the confusion in the lists of the
first bishops of Rome. Clement probably was Petrine, and
Cletus Pauline bishop, the former ruling the converted
Jews, the latter the Gentile converts. We know nothing of
the events of his pontificate, except that there was
a schism at Corinth, which drew forth a letter from him
which is preserved. S. Jerome and S. Irenaeus do not say
that he died a martyr's death, but Rufinus and Zosimus give
him the title of martyr; but this title by no means implies
that he had died for the faith; it had anciently more extended signification than at present, and included all who had
witnessed a good confession, and suffered in any way for
their faith.
This is all that we know of S. Clement. But imagination has spun a web of romance about his person. The
Clementine Recognitions and Homilies are an early romance representing the disputation of S. Peter and Simon
Magus; they have a story running through them to hold the
long disquisitions together, of which S. Clement is the hero.
It is, however, pure romance, with, perhaps, only this basis
of truth in it, that Clement is represented as the devoted
adherent and disciple of S. Peter. The Clementines are
thoroughly anti-Pauline, as are also the Apostolic Constitutions, in which again S. Clement appears prominently.
As Clement succeeded in converting many pagans,
he was sent to Aufidianus, the prefect, who ordered him to
be drowned in the sea with an old anchor attached to his
neck. His body was recovered by his disciple Phoebus.
The relics of S. Clement were translated to Constantinople
(860) by S. Cyril on his return from his mission to the
Chazars, In art S. Clement of Rome is represented as a
Pope with an anchor at his side. [His death is placed at
about 100 A.D.]